Export calculation to . . Canada RRSP Calculator 2022. 23. LTE Events A1, A2, A3, A4 and A5 are based upon either RSRP or RSRQ messages. 4Mhz FDD Frame Structure from Niviuk. q-RxLevMin: -110dBm (-55) p-Max: 23dBm. RSRP is expressed in dBm. A. in RRC reconfigure message for A2 event is saying 37 means when serving cell becomes worse than -140 + 37 means -103 than event A2 is triggered. 133 range 0 . Downlink Carrier Frequency, freq dl. As the communication scheme advances toward 5G technology, high directivity is required for the railway antenna to compensate for the high path loss at high-frequency bands, i. -140 is minimum RSRP supported in LTE network in NR It’s is defined. The reason being a good correlation between the RSRP in IDLE mode and the user data channel in connected mode, specifically for equal conditions of load, noise, bandwidthThis Page provides information about EPRE (Energy Per Resource Element) Calculator 5G, 4G. e. 021 watt Since RSRP is linear average of. RSRP unit is dBm. PCMAX is the UE. 198/2009: E(W)2008/ED-2/4. Handover events7]). DL L1-RSRP measurement and CRI reporting by UEs based on the single-port CSI-RS received from the gNB. In Section III we fix the number of OFDM1 symbols and resource blocks (RBs) over which the RSRP and RSSI are measured, obtaining formulas similar to [3], [4]. 3. Matlab Toolbox : 5G Library : PUCCH Format 1. . And using our graph once more, RSRP measures the RF power effectively of what is highlighted in red:. This will return a string like: Absolute RSRP measurement accuracy is between ±6 and ±8 dB. Note that the accuracy of the PCI detection, channel estimation, and hence, 3D RSRP interpolation depend heavily on the accuracy of time/frequency synchronization and cell search procedures at the receiver. H04W 48 / 16 ( 2009 . iPhone instructions. Calculator help you to get major RNP Design (for SS-RSRP) paramerts: Cell SSB SSS EPRE Beam Power and UT (UE) Receiver sensitivity for SSB (dBm) depends on AAU/RRU/RRH and UT Power, Frequency Range and Bandwidth Configurations. Signal Power Setup. Save the table to excel sheet. The fifth–generation (5G) network is developing rapidly. LTE RSRP and RSRQ CALCULATOR EXAMPLE: Input: BW = 10 MHz , RSSI = -79 dBm; Outputs: RSRP (dBm) = -106. RSRP calculation and SINR estimation Multiple simulations, like different SON function parameterisations parallelisation by. You’ll see something like one of the screens below. 34 ››› -19. The Channel Width Type API is used to request the list of current Channels that are in TowerCoverage. Calculate RSRP SM handler Indication Control l RRM Library REPORT (every tick) Measurement-every tick, per UE UE: calculating RSRP every tick Moving on a path every tick Changing location → changing received signal strength ⇒Updating RSRP of serving/neighbor cells every tick RSRP calculation based on Directional antenna modelI searched very much before posting this question. Currently CRS is used to calculate RSRP and RSRQ for non-CoMP. The higher the value, the better (the higher the speed the LTE operator's base station can allocate). . The SS sends downlink MAC padding bits on the DL RMC. . A drive test was conducted using phones connected via the USB port to a computer with LTE software (Genex probe) installed on it. The signal powers (in dB) for both cells in each time period are set up according to TS. Moreover, the operator’s pathless data to various cells (L ue) and shadow fading having log-normal distribution plays a role in RSRP calculation. The SS shall transmit PDSCH via PDCCH DCI format 1A for C_RNTI to transmit the DL RMC according to CQI value 8 and keep it regardless of the wideband CQI value sent by the UE. RSSI is a pure wide band power measurement, including intracell power, interference and noise. Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) is a measurement parameter used in wireless communication networks, particularly in LTE and 5G. Following equations are used in the calculator: RSRP=RSSI – 10LOG(12*N) RSRQ = N*(RSRP/RSSI) or RSRQ = 10LO(N) + RSRP(dBm) – RSSI(dBm) Where: Reference signal received power (RSRP), is defined as the linear average over the power contributions (in [W]) of the resource elements that carry cell-specific reference signals within the considered measurement frequency bandwidth. How to find EIRP. 3. And the corresponding. Added a dynamic calculation that shows what the RSRP value would be using the channel width and the Rx Threshold. calculating the RSRP. 1. 01 ) H04B 17318 ( 2015 . Schematic diagram of the RSRP calculation method LTE System Performance Evaluation 333. 5dB. 0. consider an RDZ-like outdoor. §371 of International Application No. RSRP – The average power received from a single Reference signal, and Its typical range is around -44dbm (good) to -140dbm(bad). Additional information can be obtained by (RSRQ) parameter when the information provided by (RSRP) parameter is not sufficient to take. UE measures the power of multiple resource elements used to transfer the reference signal but then takes an average of them rather than summing them. 36. The formula used in 5G NR throughput (i. The OS shall process the registry settings for signal strength calculations in the following order:. Provide the inputs as per example mentioned as follows to the below calculator to determine 5G NR throughput. A simple spreadsheet for calculating RSSI, RSRP and RSRQ for LTE, please leave a comment belowSpreadsheet can be downloaded from the link below. . 0 (2010-03) RSRQ (Reference Signal Received Quality) The 3GPP consortium has proposed its own indicator for assessing the quality of a 4G signal – RSRQ (Reference Signal Received Quality). RSRP is also used to estimate the path loss for power control calculations. . . LTE RSRP and RSRQ CALCULATOR formula or equations. However, you would have noticed this procedure got more and more complicated if you look one step deeper into it. 2. RSRQ 3GPPDefinitionReference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ) is defined as the ratio N×RSRP/(E-UTRA carrierRSSI), where N is the number of RB’s of the E-UTRA carrier RSSI measurement bandwidth. SINR/SNR – The signal-to-noise ratio of the given signal. For the Quectel BG96, the cellular modem supported by the imp006 module, the. RSRP calculation and SINR estimation Multiple simulations, like different SON function parameterisations parallelisation by simulating the same scenario with different settings Different HO parameter value pairs (hysteresis and time-to-trigger)You are right, I want to calculate MSE within each bin of width 10, but not for the differences. 01 ) H04W 56 / 00. The reference signal received power (RSRP) means for MCS (0)–MCS (28) were approximately −111. An algorithm has been formed in this work to calculate the. RSSI. e. An RSRP of -95dBm would be a strong signal whereas -115dBm would be very weak. According to Afroz et al. Measurement Environment. The radio resource management information on resources used by unified equipment (UE) can be obtained by using far smaller feedback expenses when. us 10,886,993 b2 page 2 ( 56 ) references cited other publicationsThe hybrid NB-IoT protocol has a latency value of 8. 133 version 15. 0 (2010-03) RSRP does a better job of measuring signal power from a specific sector while potentially excluding noise and interference from other sectors. 306 standard: NR User Equipment (UE) radio access capabilities and uses formula to obtain a 5G NR Throughput data rate in the DL (downlink) and the UL (uplink). Signal is the power of the signal (for example, 50 mW). RSSI is the total received wideband power including all interference and thermal noise. LTE SINR Definition. This helps gNB to decide (based on CQI reports) which beam to use for the UE (B0 or B1). RSRP measu. Moreover, the operator’s pathless data to various cells (L ue) and shadow fading having log-normal distribution plays a role in RSRP calculation. You can calculate the power in dBs from this formula: Power (in dB) = 10 * log10 (Signal/Reference) This list defines the terms in the formula: log10 is logarithm base 10. 133 range 0 . . fLTE KPIs Calculation using TEMS Discovery 13. RSRP Variance Is Time Dependent. 78 dBm ; RSRQ (dBm) = -10. To determine EIRP follow this equation:where (RSSI) is the Received Signal Strength Indicator and (N) is the count of Resource Block. 213 Table 5. . 2. In this letter, the accuracy of the reference signal received power (RSRP) measurement carried out by an LTE user equipment (UE) is analyzed. Theoretical rate calculation for a cell considers the number of symbols occupied by the physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) in each sub-frame and the amount of resource elements occupied by the synchronization channel, by reference signals, and by the broadcast channel. RSRQ (LTE only) RSRQ is the Reference Signal Received Quality is a C/I type of quality measurement and it indicates the quality of the received reference signal (similar to EC/IO in 3G) RSRQ is a calculated value from RSRP and RSSI . RSRP RSRP Signal strength Description >= -80 dBm Excellent: Strong signal with maximum data speeds -80 dBm to -90 dBm Good: Strong signal with good data speeds -90 dBm to -100 dBm Fair to poor: Reliable data speeds may be attained, but marginal data with drop-outs is possible. rsrp-ThresholdSSBL1-RSRP: It gives the threshold to be used for determining whether a candidate beam may be used by the UE to attempt contention free random access to recover from beam failure (see TS 38. Note that, in another example, an RSRP defined by work amount, which differs from the RSRP defined by the above-described rate of work, may be used. 5dB (bad) to -3dB (good). The method also. (In Ericsson it’s equivalent to CRsgain = 300)Calculate Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) This section uses the configuration parameters to calculate the SNR per resource element (RE) resulting from the transmit power, receive noise, bandwidth, and path loss. 5G, as far as I understand, uses Synchronization Signal and Channel State Information instead of Cell-Specific Reference Signal as with 4G, and thus the usual RSRP, RSRQ, and RSSI information are pretty useless with 5G networks. Figure 3 shows the processing steps with the beam management related blocks highlighted in red. Measurement EnvironmentCSI-RSRP (CSI reference signal received power): CSI-RSRP is defined as the linear average over the power contributions of the resource elements of the antenna ports, which carry CSI-RS configured for RSRP measurements. Distance between UE – BS, jj~l BS ~l. K Upadhayay 1y. An embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of cell switching method and base station, which includes：Receive the first RSRP values corresponding with serving cell and the 2nd RSRP values corresponding with Target cell that user terminal UE is measured；It is inserted into corresponding penalty value respectively with the 2nd RSRP values to. Schematic diagram of the RSRP calculation method. For. The RSRP calculation values could be formulated in equation (9)[8] : (9) The correction factor constant value is determined by approaching the constant value function. Description . For sake of simplicity, lets assume the power of reference symbols (shown by red square) and power of other symbols carrying other data channels (shown by blue square) is same i. If a LTE technology specific signal bar mapping table for RSRP exists under “per_iccid”, use this setting. g. SINR is defined as: Now, because the RSRP and RSRQ values are continuously being determined by the modem, they can be read back by the application. 021 watt A simple spreadsheet for calculating RSSI, RSRP and RSRQ for LTE, please leave a comment belowSpreadsheet can be downloaded from the link below. 21 Simulation Performance for RLF (1/2) Possibility to run simulations in sequential, parallel and distributed manner Single simulation multi-threading techniques are applied inside individual function blocks, e. RSRP, RSSI and RSRQ. the RSRP calculation. This helps UE to measure CSI-RSRP individually. It can be counted as follows. Thanks to RSRP, it is possible to compare the strengths of signals from individual cells in 5G networks. In diese page we present a simple LTE RSRP & RSRQ calculator. Like RSRP, RSRQ is a negative number; therefore, −8 dB RSRQ is higher-quality signal than −12 dB RSRQ. The RSRP value is an average of RSRP values calculated for each of the multiple first CSI-RSs. 4. The definitions and use of RSRP, RSRQ and SINR in 5G NR are also mentioned. EIRP (Effective Isotropic Radiated Power) is the measured radiated power of an antenna in a specific direction. RSRP is short for Reference Signal Received Power, used when measuring 4G LTE networks. What is SINR ? Followings are topics covered in this page. The signal strength is reported by the Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI). there are different types of measurements, ss-rsrp is mainly used in idle mode to avoid searching for detailed positions of reference signals (thats why there is no cell specific reference signal in 5g ) , in connected mode csi-rsrp(its ue specific) is mainly used . DL L1-RSRP measurement and CRI reporting by UEs based on the single-port CSI-RS received from the gNB. LTE SINR Definition. Types of CSI in 5G are : CQI,PMI,CRI,SSBRI,LI,RI,L1-RSRP ; Frequency Domain Granularity for CSI measurement : Wideband and Subband; Periodicity in Time Domain : Periodic, Aperiodic, Semipersistant. data rate) calculator is also described. Sub: Implementation of Sixth Central Pay Commission’s recommendation – Fixation of pay for Running staff. Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) is a measure of the received power level in an LTE cell network. 2). . 0. A minimum of -20 dB SINR is needed to detect RSRP/RSRQ. 5G에서는 SS-RSRP (Synchronization Signal), CSI-RSRP (Channel State Info. EPRE can to be calculate from total power. S ≡ P RE S = P Tx L × N FFT 2 12 N grid size and. 3GPP specifications TS 38. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. g. and they are used in the channel estimation, RSRP calculation, and 3D RSRP interpolation stages. In Table 3 , we present the values of SD calculated for a passenger car, single-unit truck and combined truck for speeds of 50 and 90 km/h, which are the usual speed limits for urban roads and rural roads in Europe, respectively. TBS calculation is not as simple as in LTE. See also. There are tables defined in 3GPP but this session provides quick calculation and conversion mechanisms for RSRP, RSRQ and SINR. Reference Signal Power Calculation: Once the reference signals are detected, the mobile device calculates the received power level of the reference signals. RSRP stands for Reference Signal Rece. Instead, in this article we would like to highlight some of question about SINR & RSRQ relations. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. . Fields Account• Powerfalls off proportional to net antenna gain GtGr which combines the transmit and receive antenna gains Gt and Gr, respectively. UE reports not RSRP value but an integer value between 0 and 97. Lets try to calculate RSRP, RSSI and RSRQ for one very simple case of one resource block with 12 sub carriers and 0. . Else, if a LTE technology specific signal bar mapping table for RSRP exists under “per_device”, use this setting. 3 Cell reselection. Free Online Engineering Calculator to quickly estimate the Free Space Pathloss and RSSI value for a given Frequency and Power Level. It should be however noted that 3GPP specifications do not define SINR and therefore UE. 1 [ 1], perform cell search to detect the cells which are present, and finally make RSRP measurements in order to perform cell reselection. The coverage radius of cell calculation method based on signal strength that the invention discloses a kind of, steps are as follows: one, definite value and initializing variable is arranged；Two, signal strength rsrp: three, judgement are calculated | rsrp-Threshold | < ε, if so, executing eight；Otherwise four are executed；Four, judge | d max ‑d min | < D；If. The calculation is performed based on RSSI and channel Bandwidth considered. The reporting range of RSRQ is from -3 dB to -19. What is the relationship between RSRP and SINR? Calculation of SINR, having the RSRQ. It is used for cell selection,. Qm can be 2, 4, 6 (64QAM) and 8 (256QAM) Three different tables are defined in 3GPP. Table 1 for 64QAM max, Table 2 for 256QAM max, Table 3 for Low Data Rate. LTE Channel Bandwidth (Enter:1. 0 Release 15 2 ETSI TS 138 133 V15. The introduction of small cells through the addition of low-power base stations to existing macro-eNBs has been explored as an easy and cheap solution to increase capacity in hot spots with high user demand, to fill in areas not covered by the macro network and to improve network performance and service quality in 4G and 5G New Radio (NR). RSRP RSRP Signal strength Description >= -80 dBm Excellent: Strong signal with maximum data speeds -80 dBm to -90 dBm Good: Strong signal with good data speeds -90 dBm to -100 dBm Fair to poor: Reliable data speeds may be attained, but marginal data with drop-outs is possible. It is a common practice to use Signal-to-Interference Ratio (SINR) as an indicator for network quality. Measurement Environment Before we describe our measurement setup, we will first overview our measurement environment. g. Check UL Power settings and SINR on. Level of RSSI in dBm. Before we describe our measurement setup, we will first. 02. To calculate RSRQ, the numerator and denominator are made over the same set of RBs (like for 5MHz, RSRP and RSSI calculation will be done on 25RBs only at a time). The results of the simulation found that the percentage of SPM propagation model for Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) is above-80 dBm, the difference is 4. csv file. Received signal strength indication; Signal strength in telecommunications; References After identifying the PBCH-DMRS sequence (and, therefore the SSB index), the receiver should know where the reference signals are located (in k and l), and, therefore, perform channel estimation. hR h R = height of the receving antenna. In NR, SINR seems to be an important power criteria. RSRP calculation differs per device/hardware differences. Enhance your team’s technical skills and understanding of QxDM 5G Log Analysis with this half-day training course. To compute your remaining contribution room subtract the amount you've already contributed to your RRSP from your RRSP lifetime limit. Choosing an LTE-Advanced service. . RSRQ indicates the quality of the received pilot signals from the current base station. The PSSCH supports at most 2 layers MIMO transmission. Provided are a method for acquiring a reference signal received power and a network side device. Measure RSRP and RSSI using the base station analyzer. Max number of consecutive SSB : 4 or. For example, even if all other factors were equal, VZW 10 MHz LTE bandwidth RSSI would measure 3 dB greater than would Sprint 5 MHz LTE bandwidth RSSI. RSRP is an averaged value for all the Resource Elements for Reference Signal within a symbol. ssb-RSRP RSRP-Range, csi-RSRP RSRP-Range } OPTIONAL, -- Need M. . Firstly, the measurement model of RSRP is established through the measured data. g. com. nonCriticalExtension. 83 Gbps with an. Position of SSB in Frequency Domain : Variable (Configurable) meaning 'No need to be at the center frequency'. These secondary signals are specific to each cell are transmitted using source elements. 2. 021 wattA simple spreadsheet for calculating RSSI, RSRP and RSRQ for LTE, please leave a comment belowSpreadsheet can be downloaded from the link below. site to -120 dBm at the edge of LTE coverage. Channel width in MHz. A. hT h T = height of the transmitting antenna. 101-1,2 documents. If you compare the legacy LTE and LTE BL/CE (M1) RACH procedure, LTE BL/CE is more complicated and the most of those complication comes. LTE UEs typically use SINR to calculate the CQI (Channel Quality Indicator) they report to the network. Single-codeword limits the number of transmission layers to 4. 2. • It is defined as ratio of N x SS-RSRP/NR carrier RSSI. UE reports not RSRP value but an integer value between 0 and 97. . 1: The downlink KTBF, RSRP threshold and Planning thresholds (DL and UL) (if auto option is checked) will also update the same parameters used in the different interference calculations (like SNIR or RSRP maps). When -110dB <= RSRP < -115dB, the mean throughput is 2. Power is not affected by the system bandwidth, it is affected by number of RBs being used at the specific moment of the calculation. Tx Power = Target Rx Power set by gNB + PathLoss factor + MCS factor + RB factor + Power Control Command. 28. 0. For sake of simplicity, lets assume the power of reference symbols (shown by red square) and power of other symbols carrying other data channels (shown by blue square) is same i. RSRP refers to the received signal power from an eNodeB, which can directly reflect the signal strength at a specific location. Future Value Calculator. 78 dBm ; RSRQ (dBm) = -10. I want to have a plot with the range of the MSE values on the y-axis, and the range of the values of rsrp_measured on the x-axis. LTE RSRP is calculated for useful part of OFDMA symbol and will not consider. 45 Mbps. Investigation mobile network testing software. Input: data => Mobility data generated with class MobilityGenerator femtos => Matrix with “x” and “y” of femtocells (HENB). The output of RSRP is computed using Eq. The results of the parameter (SS-RSRP) observation showed that Scenario 2 (Downlink-O2O-NLOS) had the highest average SS-RSRP, namely. RSRQ (Reference Signal Received Quality) The 3GPP consortium has proposed its own indicator for assessing the quality of a 4G signal – RSRQ (Reference Signal Received Quality). RSRP – Reference Signal Received Power is an RSSI type of measurement. However, RSRP is unable to be measured in some particular environment due to. Coverage capability is a crucial and indispensable indicator when evaluating the performance of a network. RSRP (Reference Signals Received Power), RSRQ ( Reference Signal Received Quality) 는 최신 LTE 네트워크의 신호 레벨 및 품질을 측정하는 주요 측정값이다. Use our handy calculator to crunch the numbers and estimate how RRSPs make a difference! Province of residence. q-QualMin: -34 // Minimum Setting Value. The formula takes into account Carrier Aggregation (CA). This disclosure describes methods, systems, and devices for measuring a reference signal received power (RSRP) in a user equipment (UE) that operates in machine type communication (MTC). 3GPP has provided a table shown below, by using this table the integer value can be translated to a range of RSRP value in dB. This page mentions RSRP,RSRQ and SINR measurements used in 5G NR system. To calculate RSRP, the power in each one of those subcarriers is averaged. RSRP mapping 3GPP TS 36. RRC. 0 (2010-03) 5G NR RSRQ | SS-RSRQ, CSI-RSRQ. . RSRP levels for usable signal typically range from about -75 dBm close in to an LTE cell site to -120 dBm at the edge of LTE coverage. 4G/5G thresholds calculator To open the calculator when a project is loaded, go to Tools/RF calculators/4G/5G thresholds calculator. There are 55 records. -140 is minimum RSRP supported in LTE network in NR It’s is. 2. Lets try to calculate RSRP, RSSI and RSRQ for one very simple case of one resource block with 12 sub carriers and 0. Then we calculate the RSRP difference (varDelta _r) of. The terminal according to claim 1,. RSRQ is defined as (N x RSRP)/RSSI in 3GPP 36. The mean SINR is 17. Dial 3001#12345# and press the Call button: This will put your iPhone into Field Test Mode. Cell signal boosters amplify the strength (RSRP) of the ambient cell signal available at the outside antenna. When the RSRP is lower than −93. A terminal comprising: a receiving unit that receives a reference signal for acquiring a channel state; and a control unit that performs measurement related to RSRP (Reference signal received power), based on a result of receiving the reference signal, and subcarrier spacing to be applied to the reference signal. My guess would be that the RSRP could be calculated for each l=l_example as the RSRP (l_example)=abs (mean (a (k, l_example))). RSSI = Serving Cell Power + Neighbour Co-Channel Cells Power + Thermal Noise. But in some typical CoMP scenarios where the CRS signals transmitted from different transmission point (TP) are the same, the UE cannot. a typical value of 10-2 in LTE. . EIRP Calculator. . Under full Load condition the RSRP (dBm)= RSSI – 10*log (12*N) where N represents number of resource block. a3Offset RSRP LNCEL; -15. • SS-RSRQ stands for Secondary synchronization Signal Reference Signal Received Quality. R1 may be used in addition to R0 to determine RSRP if UE is able to detect reliably that R1 is available. 3: (gNB calculate RA-RNTI based on. As such, RSRP measurement bandwidth is the equivalent of only a single subcarrier. ETSI 3GPP TS 38. The method also. In order to do so, it compares the expected S-RSRP with a threshold. . As RSRQ combines signal strength as well as interference level, this measurement value. 5G NR Throughput calculator. 10 × log 100 = 20), RSSI tends to measure about 20 dB higher than does RSRP. Calculate. E-UTRA Carrier Received Signal. A UE maintains at most 4 pathloss estimates per serving cell for all PUSCH/PUCCH/SRS transmissions. 5dB to -3dB (integer value. 133 V8. 4. Employment income This is any monetary amount you receive as salary, wages, commissions, bonuses, tips, gratuities, and honoraria. RSRP and RSRQ 2. 6 GHz was 436. LTE System Performance Evaluation 333. Rate of return. 214 version 9. We do not consider this phenomenon for sight distance calculations. 108/2008) wherein detailed instructions regarding fixation of pay in the revised pay. So let's look at the components of the SNR and they see how to determine it. 4. As a result of the calculations, a new mathematical optimisation (such as LTE RSRP, SINR, and load). . To. It is important parameter for cell selection or. So if the i. the online RSRP and the reference point RSRP are calculated. Assuming the measu. 4G/5G thresholds calculator To open the calculator when a project is loaded, go to Tools/RF calculators/4G/5G thresholds. Detailed analyses were performed to investigate the relationships between RSRP, RSRQ, SINR, and CQI and evaluate their effects on THRP. The numerical calculation results based on the closed-form expressions. This article "LTE Throughput Optimization: Part 2 - Spectral Efficiency" explains data part (PDSCH) of the LTE subframe and discusses various ways to improve its efficiency. 214, where N is the number of RBs over the measurement bandwidth. It’s a value that is useful for determining if you have enough signal to get a good wireless connection. The basic idea on RSRP/RSRQ in NR is also similar to LTE RSRP / RSRQ. After the initial beam establishment, obtaining a unicast data transmission with high directivity and high gain requires a beam much finer than the SSB beam. 215 version 16. Your dBm may be visible on the dashboard’s RSRP section. These methods provide information about network experience satisfaction and geographical location exceptions, thereby effectively guiding network optimisation. and they are used in the channel estimation, RSRP calculation, and 3D RSRP interpolation stages. Now assume that UE measures RSRP at its reciever antenna as follows.